Đề thi thử TOEFL iBT số 2: TOEFL iBT Mock Test 2

Reading (30 phút)

Complete the Words

Fill in the missing letters in the paragraph. The first sentence is complete. Type the whole word for each gap.

Mangroves are trees that grow along tropical coastlines where fresh water meets the sea. Few other tr____ can tolerate salt water, but mangroves fil____ much of the salt out at their roots. Their tangled roots also sl____ the movement of waves, which prot____ the shore from ero____ during storms. In addi____, the calm water between the roots prov____ shelter for young fish. For these rea____, many coastal commu____ now work to res____ mangrove forests that were cleared in the past.

1. Complete the word "tr____" (3 missing letters): Few other tr____ can tolerate salt water, but mangroves fil... much of the salt out at their roots.
2. Complete the word "fil____" (3 missing letters): Few other tr... can tolerate salt water, but mangroves fil____ much of the salt out at their roots.
3. Complete the word "sl____" (2 missing letters): Their tangled roots also sl____ the movement of waves, which prot... the shore from ero... during storms.
4. Complete the word "prot____" (4 missing letters): Their tangled roots also sl... the movement of waves, which prot____ the shore from ero... during storms.
5. Complete the word "ero____" (4 missing letters): Their tangled roots also sl... the movement of waves, which prot... the shore from ero____ during storms.
6. Complete the word "addi____" (4 missing letters): In addi____, the calm water between the roots prov... shelter for young fish.
7. Complete the word "prov____" (4 missing letters): In addi..., the calm water between the roots prov____ shelter for young fish.
8. Complete the word "rea____" (4 missing letters): For these rea____, many coastal commu... now work to res... mangrove forests that were cleared in the past.
9. Complete the word "commu____" (6 missing letters): For these rea..., many coastal commu____ now work to res... mangrove forests that were cleared in the past.
10. Complete the word "res____" (4 missing letters): For these rea..., many coastal commu... now work to res____ mangrove forests that were cleared in the past.

Read in Daily Life: Menu

Read the menu. Then answer the questions.

MAPLE STREET CAFÉ: WEEKDAY LUNCH (11:30 a.m. to 2:30 p.m.)

Soup of the day with bread: $6.50 Grilled vegetable wrap (vegan): $8.00 Chicken rice bowl: $9.50 Tuna sandwich: $7.75 Add a side salad to any main dish for $2.00.

Lunch special: any sandwich or wrap with a drink for $9.00 (Monday to Thursday only).

Please tell your server about any allergies. Our kitchen uses nuts, so we cannot promise that any dish is completely nut-free.

Students with a valid ID receive 10% off. This discount cannot be combined with the lunch special.

1. Which dish on the menu is labeled as vegan?
   • The soup of the day
   • The grilled vegetable wrap
   • The chicken rice bowl
   • The tuna sandwich
2. On a Friday, a student orders a tuna sandwich and a drink. What is true?
   • The student will pay $9.00 for both
   • The student can use both the special and the student discount
   • The sandwich comes with a free side salad
   • The lunch special is not available that day
3. What does the menu say about nuts?
   • No dish can be guaranteed to be free of nuts
   • Nuts are used only in the salads
   • Customers with nut allergies receive a discount
   • Nut-free dishes are marked on the menu

Read in Daily Life: Email

Read the email. Then answer the questions.

From: Professor Hanna Lindqvist To: ECON 210 students Subject: Wednesday's class and Problem Set 4

Hello everyone,

I will be presenting at a conference on Wednesday, so our regular class will not meet in Room 108. Instead, I have recorded the lecture, and the link will be posted on the course page by Tuesday night. Please watch it before Friday's class, because we will start Friday with a short quiz on that material.

Because of this change, Problem Set 4 is now due on Monday at noon rather than on Friday. You may submit it online or leave a paper copy in the box outside my office.

My Wednesday office hours are canceled. If you need help, my teaching assistant, Ravi Menon, will hold extra office hours on Thursday from 3:00 to 5:00 p.m. in the economics lounge.

Best, Professor Lindqvist

1. Why will Wednesday's class not meet?
   • Room 108 is being repaired
   • The students are taking a quiz in another room
   • The professor will be at a conference
   • The teaching assistant is ill
2. What are students asked to do before Friday's class?
   • Submit Problem Set 4
   • Visit the economics lounge
   • Watch the recorded lecture
   • Email the professor
3. A student needs help with the problem set on Thursday afternoon. What should the student do?
   • Go to Ravi Menon's extra office hours
   • Visit Professor Lindqvist's office
   • Attend the Wednesday office hours
   • Leave a note in the box outside the office

Read in Daily Life: Job Posting

Read the job posting. Then answer the questions.

STUDENT JOB: CAMPUS TOUR GUIDE

The Admissions Office is hiring tour guides for the spring term. Guides lead groups of visitors around campus and answer questions about student life.

Requirements: You must be a current student who has completed at least one full year at the university. Guides must be available on at least two Saturday mornings each month.

Pay: $16 per hour. Training is paid and takes place on 20 and 21 January.

How to apply: By 10 January, submit a short video (no longer than two minutes) about your favorite place on campus, together with your class schedule. Selected applicants will be invited to give a practice tour.

1. Who is eligible to apply for the job?
   • A new student in the first term
   • Anyone who has visited the campus
   • A student who can work only on weekday evenings and never on Saturdays
   • A student who has already studied at the university for a year
2. What must applicants send?
   • A two-page essay
   • A short video and their class schedule
   • A letter from a professor
   • A recording of a practice tour
3. What will happen to some of the applicants after they apply?
   • They will be paid for the January training before being selected
   • They will choose which Saturdays to work
   • They will give a speech at the Admissions Office
   • They will be asked to lead a practice tour

Read an Academic Passage: Lichens

Read the passage. Then answer the questions.

A lichen looks like a single plant, often a crusty patch of gray, green or orange on a rock or a tree trunk. In fact, it is a partnership between at least two very different organisms: a fungus and a partner that can carry out photosynthesis, usually a green alga or a type of bacterium called a cyanobacterium.

Each partner provides something the other lacks. The fungus forms the body of the lichen, protecting its partner from drying out and from strong sunlight. It also absorbs water and minerals from rain and dust. The photosynthetic partner, in turn, uses sunlight to make sugars, and some of this food is passed to the fungus, which cannot make its own.

This arrangement allows lichens to live in places where few other living things survive, including bare rock, desert soil and the cold slopes of high mountains. Many lichens can dry out almost completely and stop growing, then return to activity within minutes after rain.

Lichens also change the places where they live. Some produce weak acids that slowly break down the surface of rock. Over many years, small pieces of rock mix with the remains of dead lichens to form a thin layer of soil, in which mosses and small plants can then take root. For this reason, lichens are often described as pioneer organisms.

Their toughness has limits, however. Because lichens absorb what they need directly from the air and rain, they also absorb pollutants. Many species disappear from areas with heavy air pollution, so scientists use lichens to monitor air quality.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
   • Why fungi are harmful to rocks
   • What lichens are, how they survive and how they affect their surroundings
   • How lichens are grown in laboratories
   • The differences between the algae and the bacteria that live inside lichens
2. According to paragraph 1, what is a lichen?
   • A type of moss
   • A single plant
   • A partnership between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner
   • A kind of cyanobacterium that grows only on bare rock and tree trunks
3. According to paragraph 2, what does the fungus provide?
   • Protection from drying out and from strong sunlight
   • Sugars that it makes for its partner using energy from sunlight
   • Seeds that spread the lichen
   • Nitrogen taken from deep soil
4. The phrase "in turn" in paragraph 2 shows that
   • the photosynthetic partner gives something back to the fungus
   • the two partners take turns growing during the year, one after the other
   • the fungus is active only at night
   • the alga slowly replaces the fungus
5. According to paragraph 3, what happens to many lichens when they dry out?
   • They die unless they receive rain within a few minutes of drying
   • They turn into soil
   • They stop growing but become active again soon after rain
   • They move to wetter places
6. Why are lichens described as pioneer organisms?
   • They were the first living things to appear anywhere on Earth
   • They help form soil in which other plants can grow
   • They are found only on high mountains
   • They grow faster than any other plant
7. The word "monitor" in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to
   • improve
   • clean
   • predict
   • track
8. What can be inferred about an area where many kinds of lichen grow?
   • It has recently had heavy rain
   • Its air is probably fairly clean
   • It has very few rocks
   • Its soil is too acidic for plants

Read an Academic Passage: Sleep and Memory

Read the passage. Then answer the questions.

For a long time, sleep was seen mainly as a period of rest, when the brain was largely inactive. Research over the past few decades has shown that the sleeping brain is busy, and that one of its jobs is to strengthen memories formed during the day.

In one common type of experiment, volunteers learn a list of word pairs. Some learn the list in the evening and are tested the next morning, after a night of sleep. Others learn it in the morning and are tested that evening, after a day awake, so both groups wait the same twelve hours. The people who slept usually remember more. Because neither group has missed a night of sleep, the difference cannot simply be explained by tiredness.

Scientists believe that much of this effect takes place during deep sleep, the slow, steady brain activity that is most common in the first half of the night. Recordings from animals suggest that during deep sleep, the hippocampus, an area important for forming new memories, replays patterns of activity from the day. These replays may help move information to the cortex, the outer layer of the brain, where long-term memories are stored.

Sleep does not strengthen every memory equally. Several studies have found that people remember information better after sleep if they were told before sleeping that they would be tested on it later. This suggests that the brain may give priority to information it expects to be useful.

These findings carry a practical message for students: staying up all night before an exam may reduce the very learning it is meant to increase.

1. What is the main idea of the passage?
   • The brain is mostly inactive during sleep
   • Students should study only in the morning
   • Animals and humans use deep sleep in very different ways
   • Sleep plays an active part in strengthening memories
2. In paragraph 2, why do both groups wait the same twelve hours before the test?
   • So that the main difference between the groups is whether they slept
   • So that the volunteers have enough time to learn many more word pairs
   • Because the test itself takes twelve hours
   • To make the sleeping group more tired
3. According to paragraph 2, why can the results not be explained by tiredness?
   • The volunteers were tested twice
   • Both groups learned the word pairs in the evening
   • Neither group had missed a night of sleep
   • The test was very easy
4. According to paragraph 3, when is deep sleep most common?
   • Just before waking up
   • During short naps in the day
   • In the first half of the night
   • In the second half of the night
5. According to recordings from animals, what does the hippocampus do during deep sleep?
   • It replays patterns of activity from the day
   • It stops all of its activity
   • It stores all long-term memories
   • It produces dreams about the future
6. The word "priority" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to
   • delay
   • punishment
   • difficulty
   • importance
7. According to paragraph 4, which information is remembered better after sleep?
   • Information learned in the morning
   • Information that people expect to be tested on
   • Information about body movements, such as typing skills
   • Information that is read aloud
8. What does the author suggest about staying up all night before an exam?
   • It is the best way to remember word pairs
   • It helps the hippocampus replay information
   • It has no effect on memory
   • It may work against the goal of learning

Listening (29 phút)

Listen and Choose a Response (1 of 9)

You will hear a person speak. Choose the best response.

Phần nghe phát trong phòng thi.

1. Choose the best response to what you heard.
   • Yes, I took it yesterday.
   • No, go ahead. My friend just left.
   • The seats are all blue.
   • I'd prefer a window seat if there's one left.

Listen and Choose a Response (2 of 9)

You will hear a person speak. Choose the best response.

Phần nghe phát trong phòng thi.

1. Choose the best response to what you heard.
   • I applied for it online.
   • About five hundred dollars.
   • It's the end of this month, I believe.
   • In the financial aid office.

Listen and Choose a Response (3 of 9)

You will hear a person speak. Choose the best response.

Phần nghe phát trong phòng thi.

1. Choose the best response to what you heard.
   • I stayed up late finishing a paper.
   • Yes, that's all right with me.
   • I'm looking forward to it.
   • The paper is on the desk.

Listen and Choose a Response (4 of 9)

You will hear a person speak. Choose the best response.

Phần nghe phát trong phòng thi.

1. Choose the best response to what you heard.
   • Sure, just give me a minute to save my work.
   • The hall is very large.
   • I moved here last year.
   • No, those aren't my chairs, they belong to the club.

Listen and Choose a Response (5 of 9)

You will hear a person speak. Choose the best response.

Phần nghe phát trong phòng thi.

1. Choose the best response to what you heard.
   • I signed my name at the bottom.
   • It's a very popular course.
   • The Tuesday morning one, because it fits my schedule.
   • Section seven of the textbook, starting on page ninety.

Listen and Choose a Response (6 of 9)

You will hear a person speak. Choose the best response.

Phần nghe phát trong phòng thi.

1. Choose the best response to what you heard.
   • I believe it was very hard.
   • At least that gives us two more days to study.
   • Friday is the fifth day of the week.
   • I moved my desk last week.

Listen and Choose a Response (7 of 9)

You will hear a person speak. Choose the best response.

Phần nghe phát trong phòng thi.

1. Choose the best response to what you heard.
   • The room has twenty chairs.
   • The meeting is about the budget.
   • I need to charge my phone before the meeting starts.
   • I think Priya usually handles that.

Listen and Choose a Response (8 of 9)

You will hear a person speak. Choose the best response.

Phần nghe phát trong phòng thi.

1. Choose the best response to what you heard.
   • The lecture is about economics.
   • I'd love to, but I have a shift at the library.
   • I'm reading a book about food.
   • Yes, I wanted it last week.

Listen and Choose a Response (9 of 9)

You will hear a person speak. Choose the best response.

Phần nghe phát trong phòng thi.

1. Choose the best response to what you heard.
   • Yes, I've read it twice.
   • The book is about whales.
   • I'll return to the city after the semester ends.
   • No, I renewed it for another two weeks.

Listen to a Conversation: Office Hours

Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor. Then answer the questions.

Phần nghe phát trong phòng thi.

1. Why does the student go to see the professor?
   • Her paper topic is too broad
   • She cannot find the library
   • She missed the proposal deadline
   • She wants to discuss her grade
2. What does the professor suggest?
   • Writing about every public library in the country over the past century
   • Choosing a completely new topic
   • Focusing on how libraries in one city have changed their use of space
   • Working together with another student
3. What does the professor say about interviews?
   • They are required for this paper
   • They must be approved in advance
   • They are optional but can make a paper stronger
   • They should be finished by Friday
4. What does the professor ask the student to do by Friday?
   • Send a short update about her topic
   • Submit a new proposal
   • Interview a librarian
   • Find three annual reports from libraries in her city

Listen to a Conversation: Bookstore

Listen to a conversation between a student and a bookstore employee. Then answer the questions.

Phần nghe phát trong phòng thi.

1. Why does the woman want to return the textbook?
   • She bought the wrong edition
   • The book is damaged
   • She found it cheaper online
   • She is no longer taking the course
2. Why can't the woman get a full cash refund?
   • She has lost her receipt
   • The refund period has already ended
   • She opened the book
   • She paid with a credit card
3. Why does the clerk ask whether the plastic wrap is still on the book?
   • He wants to recycle the plastic
   • Wrapped books can be bought back at only forty percent of the price
   • He needs to check the price on the wrap
   • Unopened books can be returned in a different way
4. What will the woman most likely do with the store credit?
   • Buy a gift for a friend
   • Buy books for the next term
   • Exchange it for cash
   • Pay a library fine

Listen to an Announcement: Recreation Center

Listen to an announcement on campus. Then answer the questions.

Phần nghe phát trong phòng thi.

1. Why will the main pool be closed?
   • It is being made larger
   • A swimming competition is being held
   • Its filter system is being replaced
   • The teaching pool needs repairs
2. What will happen to the swim lessons planned for that week?
   • They will be made up at the end of the term
   • They will be held in the teaching pool
   • They will be refunded
   • They will be moved to the gym
3. What does the speaker say about the climbing wall?
   • It will stay open as usual
   • It will close at eight p.m. that week
   • It will be closed for the whole week
   • It will be used for swim lessons

Listen to an Announcement: Group Projects

Listen to an announcement from a professor. Then answer the questions.

Phần nghe phát trong phòng thi.

1. What must each group do before the first draft is due?
   • Give a presentation
   • Submit a full draft
   • Meet with the professor
   • Fill out a rating form
2. What should students bring to the meeting?
   • A full draft of the project
   • A one-page outline
   • The sign-up sheet
   • The rating form
3. Why does the professor encourage students to divide the work clearly?
   • The professor will grade only the outline
   • Groups that divide the work clearly will finish their drafts faster
   • Only one person may give the presentation
   • Members' ratings of each other will affect individual grades

Listen to an Academic Talk: Rain Shadow Deserts

Listen to part of a talk in an earth science class. Then answer the questions.

Phần nghe phát trong phòng thi.

1. What is the talk mainly about?
   • How deserts near the tropics form
   • How mountains can create deserts
   • Why mountains have snow at the top
   • How rainforests recover from drought
2. According to the professor, why does rain fall on the side of the mountains facing the wind?
   • The air warms up and becomes heavier
   • The wind stops completely when it reaches the mountains
   • Forests on that side produce the clouds
   • The air cools as it rises, so its water vapor condenses
3. What happens to the air as it moves down the far side of the mountains?
   • It warms up and stays dry
   • It cools and produces snow
   • It picks up moisture from the ocean
   • It forms new clouds
4. Why does the professor mention a rainforest only fifty kilometers away?
   • To show that rainforests cause deserts
   • To describe how far air travels in a day
   • To stress how different the two sides of a mountain range can be
   • To explain why rain shadows are weakest close to tropical rainforests
5. What does the professor say about the Sierra Nevada?
   • It is lower than most mountain ranges
   • Its eastern slopes are covered with forest, while the west is very dry
   • Its western slopes get snow, while the land to the east is very dry
   • It blocks moist air coming from the east
6. According to the professor, which would most likely create the strongest rain shadow?
   • A high, long mountain range
   • A low line of hills
   • A single small mountain
   • Flat land near the ocean

Listen to an Academic Talk: The Spacing Effect

Listen to part of a talk in a psychology class. Then answer the questions.

Phần nghe phát trong phòng thi.

1. What is the main topic of the talk?
   • The life of Hermann Ebbinghaus and his work as a teacher
   • How nonsense syllables are created
   • Why typing is difficult to learn
   • The benefits of spreading study sessions over time
2. Why did Ebbinghaus use nonsense syllables?
   • Because they were easy to pronounce
   • So that what he already knew would not affect the results
   • Because there were no suitable word lists in German at that time
   • To test the memory of his students
3. According to the professor, which study plan usually works best?
   • One three-hour session
   • Three hours of study the night before the exam
   • Three one-hour sessions on the same afternoon
   • Three one-hour sessions on different days
4. Why does the professor say the feeling of ease is "part of the problem"?
   • It makes students study for too long
   • It can make learners think they know the material better than they do
   • It causes students to forget the material more quickly after the exam
   • It proves that spacing does not work
5. According to the professor, what makes spaced study effective?
   • The total number of hours that a student spends studying the material
   • Studying only easy material
   • The effort of recalling information that has been partly forgotten
   • Repeating information without any breaks
6. What reason does the professor give for why many students do not use spacing?
   • It requires planning well in advance
   • It costs too much money
   • Teachers do not allow it
   • It works only for vocabulary

Writing (23 phút)

Build a Sentence

Put the words in the correct order to make a reply that fits the situation. Use every word once.

1. You are helping a friend move into a new apartment. Your friend asks: "Where should I put these boxes?" Make an appropriate reply.

   can / leave / the / front / door / next / to / you / them

2. Your classmate says: "I missed the announcement in class today." Make an appropriate reply.

   to / want / tell / you / you / she / said / do / me / what

3. Your roommate asks: "Why are you carrying an umbrella?" Make an appropriate reply.

   predicted / rain / weather / the / heavy / report

4. A classmate asks: "Have you seen the new art exhibit?" Make an appropriate reply.

   time / to / had / it / visit / not / I / have

5. A student in your study group says: "Can I ask you something about the homework?" Make an appropriate reply.

   you / the / part / what / is / of / assignment / confusing

6. Your friend says: "The café downstairs closed early today." Make an appropriate reply.

   so / closed / why / do / they / know / early / you

7. Your classmate says: "I'm thinking about joining the chess club." Make an appropriate reply.

   great / like / to / that / way / relax / sounds / a

8. Your friend asks: "Did the professor say when the essays will be returned?" Make an appropriate reply.

   said / next / would / them / she / she / return / week

9. Your classmate asks: "What did you think of the guest speaker?" Make an appropriate reply.

   found / examples / to / I / very / follow / easy / her

10. A visitor asks you: "How do I get to the science building from here?" Make an appropriate reply.

    behind / main / is / the / right / library / it

Write an Email

You have 7 minutes. Write an email of at least 120 words.

1. Last week you bought a used bicycle from another student through the campus marketplace website. The seller described the bike as "in excellent condition," but when you rode it home, you found that the brakes did not work properly. Write an email to the seller, Jordan Park. In your email: - explain the problem with the bicycle - describe how the problem has affected you - suggest a fair solution

   Tối thiểu 120 từ.

Write for an Academic Discussion

You have 10 minutes. Read the professor's question and the two student posts. Then write a post of at least 100 words that adds your own opinion to the discussion.

1. Professor Wu (Urban Studies): A few cities have made buses and trains free for everyone, paying for them with local taxes. Supporters say free transport reduces traffic and pollution and helps people with low incomes. Critics say the money would be better spent on making service faster and more reliable. Should cities make public transportation free? Why or why not? Aisha: I support free public transport. In my hometown, a monthly pass costs a lot for students and older people. If buses were free, more people would leave their cars at home, and the streets would be less crowded. Tomás: I'm not convinced. The buses in our city are already full at rush hour and often late. If they were free, even more people would try to use them. I would rather see the money spent on more buses and dedicated bus lanes.

   Tối thiểu 100 từ.