Đề thi thử TOEFL iBT số 1: TOEFL iBT Mock Test 1

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Reading (30 phút)

Complete the Words

Fill in the missing letters in the paragraph. The first sentence is complete. Type the whole word for each gap.

Honeybees keep the temperature inside their hive remarkably stable. When the air becomes too hot, worker bees col____ water and spread it in thin lay____ across the comb. Other bees then be____ their wings to move air over the sur____, which cools the hive through evapo____. In cold wea____, the bees cluster toge____ and shiver their flight mus____ to produce heat. This beha____ allows the colony to sur____ winters that would kill a single bee.

Complete the word "col____" (4 missing letters): When the air becomes too hot, worker bees col____ water and spread it in thin lay... across the comb.
Complete the word "lay____" (3 missing letters): When the air becomes too hot, worker bees col... water and spread it in thin lay____ across the comb.
Complete the word "be____" (2 missing letters): Other bees then be____ their wings to move air over the sur..., which cools the hive through evapo....
Complete the word "sur____" (4 missing letters): Other bees then be... their wings to move air over the sur____, which cools the hive through evapo....
Complete the word "evapo____" (6 missing letters): Other bees then be... their wings to move air over the sur..., which cools the hive through evapo____.
Complete the word "wea____" (4 missing letters): In cold wea____, the bees cluster toge... and shiver their flight mus... to produce heat.
Complete the word "toge____" (4 missing letters): In cold wea..., the bees cluster toge____ and shiver their flight mus... to produce heat.
Complete the word "mus____" (4 missing letters): In cold wea..., the bees cluster toge... and shiver their flight mus____ to produce heat.
Complete the word "beha____" (4 missing letters): This beha____ allows the colony to sur... winters that would kill a single bee.
Complete the word "sur____" (4 missing letters): This beha... allows the colony to sur____ winters that would kill a single bee.

Read in Daily Life: Email

Read the email. Then answer the questions.

From: Hallworth Residence Office To: All residents, Building C Subject: Water shutoff on Thursday

Dear residents,

Plumbers will replace a section of the main water pipe in Building C this Thursday. Water will be turned off from 9:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. During this time, toilets, sinks and showers on all floors will not work. Building D, next door, will not be affected, and its ground-floor bathrooms will be open to Building C residents with their key cards.

If you have a medical need for water during these hours, please tell the front desk by Wednesday at 5:00 p.m., and we will deliver bottled water to your room. After the water returns, it may look slightly brown for a few minutes. Let the tap run until the water is clear before drinking it.

We are sorry for the inconvenience.

Mara Quill, Residence Manager

What is the main purpose of the email?
- To announce new bathrooms in Building D
- To warn residents about a temporary loss of water
- To ask residents to report plumbing problems in their rooms
- To explain a change in the key card rules
What should a resident who has a medical need for water do?
- Move to Building D on Thursday morning
- Pick up bottled water at the front desk on Thursday
- Call the plumbers directly
- Tell the front desk by Wednesday afternoon
According to the email, what should residents do when the water comes back?
- Let the water run until it is no longer brown
- Report the brown water to the manager
- Boil the water before using it
- Wait until the evening before using the taps

Read in Daily Life: Notice

Read the notice. Then answer the questions.

CARVER LIBRARY: FINAL EXAM HOURS

From Monday, 7 December, to Friday, 18 December, the second and third floors will stay open until 2:00 a.m. The ground floor, including the café and the printing room, will close at 10:00 p.m. as usual.

After 10:00 p.m., enter through the side door on Elm Walk. A valid student card is required. Guests may not enter after 10:00 p.m.

Group study rooms can be booked for a maximum of two hours per day through the library website. Rooms not claimed within 15 minutes of the booking time will be released to other students.

Quiet reminder: the third floor is a silent zone. Phone calls are allowed only in the stairwells.

During the exam period, what will a student be able to do at midnight?
- Buy coffee in the café
- Print documents on the ground floor
- Study on the second floor
- Bring a guest into the library
What will most likely happen if a student arrives 20 minutes late for a booked study room?
- The booking will be extended by 15 minutes
- The student will have to pay a fee
- The room may be given to another student
- The student will be moved to the third floor
The word "claimed" in the notice is closest in meaning to
- taken by the person who booked them
- described in detail
- cleaned by the staff
- requested again online

Read in Daily Life: Schedule

Read the schedule. Then answer the questions.

RIVERSIDE COMMUNITY CENTER: SPRING FITNESS CLASSES

Morning Stretch: Mon, Wed, Fri, 7:00 to 7:45 a.m., Studio A. Free for members. Lap Swimming Basics: Tue, Thu, 6:00 to 7:00 p.m., Pool. $5 per class. Family Yoga: Sat, 10:00 to 11:00 a.m., Studio B. Children under 12 must attend with an adult. Strength Circuit: Mon, Thu, 6:30 to 7:30 p.m., Gym. Bring your own towel.

All classes start the week of 6 April. On Monday, 13 April, Studio A will be closed for repairs, and that day's class will move to Studio B. Sign up at the front desk at least one day before a class.

A parent wants to take a class together with an eight-year-old child. Which class is designed for this?
- Morning Stretch
- Lap Swimming Basics
- Strength Circuit
- Family Yoga
Where will Morning Stretch take place on 13 April?
- In Studio A
- In Studio B
- At the pool
- In the gym
What is true about all of the classes?
- They are free for members
- They take place in the evening
- Participants must bring their own towel to each class
- People must sign up at least one day in advance

Read an Academic Passage: Urban Heat Islands

Read the passage. Then answer the questions.

Cities are often several degrees warmer than the countryside around them, a pattern known as the urban heat island effect. The difference is usually small at midday and largest a few hours after sunset.

Several features of cities produce this extra heat. Dark surfaces such as asphalt roads and roofs absorb most of the sunlight that strikes them, while fields and forests reflect more of it. Concrete and brick also store heat during the day and release it slowly at night, which is why the temperature gap grows in the evening. In addition, cities have fewer plants. Plants cool their surroundings by releasing water vapor through their leaves, a process that uses heat energy. Finally, cars, air conditioners and factories give off waste heat directly into the air.

The effect is more than a matter of comfort. During heat waves, higher night temperatures prevent people's bodies from recovering, and hospital admissions rise. Warmer cities also use more electricity for cooling, which can strain power networks at the moments of highest demand.

Planners have tested several responses. Painting roofs white or light gray can lower roof surface temperatures sharply, though the effect on air temperature at street level is smaller. Planting street trees provides both shade and evaporative cooling, but trees need years to grow and water to survive. Some cities have created "cool corridors," lines of parks and green spaces that allow cooler air from outside the city to flow toward its center. No single measure is enough, and most experts recommend combining them.

What is the passage mainly about?
- Why cities are warmest at midday and how planners measure this
- The causes, effects and remedies of the urban heat island
- How plants produce water vapor
- The history of city planning
According to paragraph 1, when is the temperature difference between a city and the countryside greatest?
- At midday
- Just before sunrise
- A few hours after sunset
- In the early afternoon
Why does the author mention concrete and brick in paragraph 2?
- To explain why the temperature gap grows in the evening
- To show which materials reflect the most sunlight
- To compare buildings in cities and villages
- To argue that these materials should no longer be used in cities
According to the passage, how do plants cool their surroundings?
- By releasing water vapor, a process that uses heat energy
- By absorbing waste heat from cars
- By reflecting all of the sunlight that strikes their leaves
- By storing heat during the day
The word "strain" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
- clean
- replace
- burden
- measure
What can be inferred about white roofs from paragraph 4?
- They lower street-level air temperatures more than street trees do
- They cool the roof itself more than the air at street level
- They increase the use of electricity
- They are too expensive for most cities
Which of the following is mentioned as a drawback of street trees?
- They block cool corridors
- They give off waste heat
- They make nearby roofs hotter
- They take years to grow
According to the passage, what is the purpose of "cool corridors"?
- To create open space where new buildings can be put up later
- To let cooler air from outside the city reach its center
- To connect power networks
- To replace street trees

Read an Academic Passage: The Potato in Europe

Read the passage. Then answer the questions.

The potato was first grown in the Andes Mountains of South America, where farmers developed thousands of varieties over many centuries. Spanish ships brought it to Europe in the second half of the sixteenth century, but for a long time few Europeans wanted to eat it.

Part of the problem was unfamiliarity. The potato was the first major European crop grown from a tuber, an underground stem, rather than from seed, and some people believed that a plant whose food part grew in the dark must be unhealthy. In many regions, potatoes were grown as decoration in gardens or fed to animals.

Attitudes changed slowly, often because of hardship. A field of potatoes can feed more people than a field of wheat of the same size, and the crop is ready in only a few months. Because the food part stays underground, armies marching through a region could burn a wheat field but could not easily destroy a potato harvest. During the wars and food shortages of the eighteenth century, several governments encouraged farmers to plant potatoes, and the crop spread across northern Europe.

This success had a hidden cost. In some places, poor families came to depend almost entirely on a few potato varieties. When a plant disease called late blight reached Europe in the 1840s, it destroyed harvests in many countries. Ireland, where reliance on the crop was greatest, suffered most: about one million people died, and many more emigrated. Today, plant scientists point to the disaster as a warning about relying on crops with little genetic variety.

According to paragraph 1, where was the potato first grown?
- In the mountains of northern Spain
- In the gardens of northern Europe
- In Ireland
- In the Andes of South America
According to paragraph 2, why did some Europeans distrust the potato at first?
- They thought a food that grew underground might be unhealthy
- Its seed was too expensive for most ordinary farmers to buy
- It needed more water than wheat
- Spanish farmers refused to sell it to buyers in other countries
According to paragraph 2, how were potatoes used in many regions before people ate them widely?
- As medicine for soldiers
- As seed for wheat fields
- As garden decoration and as animal feed
- As a product sold back to Spain for a profit
The word "hardship" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
- careful planning
- hard soil
- difficult conditions
- new farming technology
According to paragraph 3, why was the potato valuable during wars?
- Armies could not easily destroy a crop that stayed underground
- It could be carried by marching armies over long distances without spoiling
- Soldiers preferred it to bread
- It grew best on old battlefields
Which of the following is given as an advantage of potatoes over wheat?
- They are grown from seed
- They need no care from farmers
- They resist all plant diseases
- They produce more food from the same area of land
What does "This success" in paragraph 4 refer to?
- The arrival of late blight
- The spread of the potato across northern Europe
- The emigration of many people from Ireland to other countries
- The work of modern plant scientists
Why does the author mention modern plant scientists in the last sentence?
- To explain how late blight was finally cured
- To argue that potatoes should not be grown today
- To describe how scientists created new potato varieties in the 1840s
- To show the lesson the famine still teaches about crop variety