Đề thi thử SAT (Digital) số 1: SAT Mock Test 1

Reading and Writing: Module 1 (32 phút)

Question 1

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

Although the committee's first report on the town library was ______, offering only a few vague recommendations, its second report laid out a detailed, step-by-step plan for renovating the building and expanding its children's section.

1. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
   • lengthy
   • superficial
   • controversial
   • meticulous

Question 2

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

Octopuses are known to be remarkably ______ animals. In laboratory settings, they have unscrewed the lids of jars to reach food inside, squeezed through tiny gaps to escape from their tanks, and even learned to recognize individual human caretakers.

1. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
   • sluggish
   • predictable
   • resourceful
   • fragile

Question 3

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

The novelist Hana Lindqvist was famous among journalists for her reserve. In interviews she answered every question politely but briefly, and she rarely revealed anything about her private life or her writing habits, preferring to let her books speak for themselves.

1. As used in the text, what does the word "reserve" most nearly mean?
   • a supply kept for later use
   • an area of protected land
   • a booking made in advance
   • restraint in expressing herself

Question 4

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

The first powered flight by the Wright brothers in 1903 lasted only about twelve seconds, but the achievement was hardly ______. Within five years, aircraft based on their design were staying in the air for more than an hour, and the age of aviation had begun.

1. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
   • trivial
   • historic
   • deliberate
   • repeated

Question 5

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

For decades, many city planners assumed that adding lanes to a crowded highway would shorten drivers' commutes. Studies conducted in several regions, however, have found that new lanes often fill with additional traffic within a few years, a pattern that researchers call induced demand. As a result, some cities now choose to expand public transit instead of widening their roads.

1. Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?
   • It describes a problem, proposes several solutions, and then argues that none of them can succeed.
   • It explains how a term was invented and then traces how its meaning changed over time.
   • It compares the approaches of two cities and concludes that both approaches were mistaken.
   • It presents a common assumption, describes evidence that challenges it, and then notes one response to that evidence.

Question 6

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

Many people picture deserts as places where almost nothing grows. Yet in some years, after unusually heavy rains, parts of Chile's Atacama Desert, one of the driest places on Earth, are suddenly covered with purple, yellow, and white flowers. Seeds that have lain in the dry soil for years sprout within days, bloom, and produce new seeds before the ground dries out again.

1. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
   • To explain why the Atacama Desert receives less rain than other deserts do
   • To challenge a common view of deserts by describing an event that reveals their capacity for sudden growth
   • To argue that more people should visit the Atacama Desert after heavy rains
   • To compare the flowers of the Atacama Desert with the flowers of other dry regions

Question 7

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

Text 1

Historian Ilan Marsh argues that the medieval town of Velmora grew rapidly in the twelfth century because of a new trade route that connected it to coastal ports. According to Marsh, merchants traveling the route brought wealth and workers to the town, causing its population to swell.

Text 2

Archaeologists excavating Velmora have dated the remains of hundreds of houses built in the late eleventh century, decades before the trade route described by Marsh was established. These houses indicate that the town's population was already increasing quickly before the route opened.

1. Based on the texts, how would the archaeologists in Text 2 most likely respond to Marsh's argument in Text 1?
   • By suggesting that the town's growth began before the trade route could have caused it
   • By agreeing that the trade route brought wealth to Velmora but disputing that it brought workers
   • By claiming that Velmora's population declined after the trade route was established
   • By arguing that the trade route connected Velmora to inland towns rather than to coastal ports

Question 8

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

Urban beekeeping has become popular, and many city residents assume that adding honeybee hives helps all pollinators. Ecologist Maya Rendell and her team counted wild bees in thirty city gardens and found that gardens near large numbers of honeybee hives had fewer species of wild bees than other gardens did. Rendell suggests that honeybees may compete with wild bees for a limited supply of flowers, so cities hoping to support pollinators might do better to plant more flowers than to add more hives.

1. Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
   • Honeybees produce more honey in city gardens than they do in rural areas.
   • Research suggests that adding honeybee hives in cities may not help wild bees and could even harm them.
   • Wild bees in cities prefer to visit flowers that honeybees do not visit.
   • City residents have stopped keeping honeybees because of concerns about wild bees.

Question 9

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

Students in a biology class noticed that hummingbirds seemed to visit red flowers in the school garden more often than flowers of other colors. They hypothesized that hummingbirds are attracted to the color red itself rather than to some other feature of the red flowers.

1. Which finding, if true, would most directly support the students' hypothesis?
   • When identical feeders filled with the same sugar water were painted red, yellow, and blue, hummingbirds visited the red feeders most often.
   • The red flowers in the garden produced more nectar than the flowers of other colors did.
   • Hummingbirds visited the garden more often in the morning than in the afternoon.
   • Bees visited the yellow flowers in the garden more often than they visited the red flowers.

Question 10

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

The Lantern Year is a novel by Ruth Ellery. In the novel, the narrator, a retired schoolteacher, is portrayed as a person who deeply values routine.

1. Which quotation from The Lantern Year most effectively illustrates the claim?
   • "My former students sometimes wrote to me, and I kept their letters in a box beneath the bed."
   • "The bakery on Wren Street had changed owners twice, but the bread was as good as ever."
   • "Every morning I set out the same blue cup, wound the clock, and walked the same path to the bakery, and on the rare days I could not, the whole day felt crooked."
   • "I had never traveled farther than the coast, though my sister had seen half the world."

Question 11

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

A researcher surveyed students at a high school about how many hours they usually sleep. She concluded that as students move from ninth to twelfth grade, they sleep less on school nights, while the amount they sleep on weekends stays about the same. For example, ______

1. Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the example?
   • tenth graders reported more hours of sleep on weekends than on school nights.
   • eleventh graders reported 8.7 hours of sleep on weekends, less than any other grade reported.
   • ninth graders reported 7.6 hours of sleep on school nights and twelfth graders reported 6.6 hours, while both groups reported 8.9 hours on weekends.
   • twelfth graders reported more hours of sleep on school nights than ninth graders did.

Question 12

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

A botanist tested how temperature affects the germination of seeds from a wildflower species. She suggests that the seeds are best suited to germinate in moderately warm conditions and that both cooler and hotter conditions reduce germination.

1. Which choice best describes data from the graph that support the botanist's suggestion?
   • Germination increased steadily as the temperature rose from 10°C to 30°C.
   • Germination was highest at 20°C and 25°C and was lower at both 10°C and 30°C.
   • Germination was lower at 30°C than it was at 15°C.
   • More than half of the seeds germinated at every temperature tested.

Question 13

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Archaeologists excavating an ancient coastal settlement found fishhooks carved from bone, along with the bones of cod and other fish that live mainly in deep water, in the oldest layers of the site. Because these fish rarely swim close to shore, the archaeologists concluded that the settlement's earliest residents ______

1. Which choice most logically completes the text?
   • ate mostly plants that they gathered near the shore.
   • arrived at the site after cod had disappeared from the region.
   • were probably able to travel by boat into deeper water to fish.
   • traded for their fishhooks with communities that lived far inland.

Question 14

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

In a study of shoppers at a town's grocery stores, researchers found that shoppers who brought a written list spent less money per trip than shoppers who did not, even though both groups bought similar kinds of food. The researchers suspect that lists help shoppers avoid impulse purchases. If this explanation is correct, one would expect that ______

1. Which choice most logically completes the text?
   • shoppers without lists visited the grocery stores less often than shoppers with lists did.
   • shoppers with lists spent more time in the stores than shoppers without lists did.
   • lists were more common among shoppers who bought expensive kinds of food.
   • shoppers with lists bought fewer items they had not planned to buy than shoppers without lists did.

Question 15

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The museum's newest exhibit features more than two hundred ______ was drawn by hand on sheepskin in the fourteenth century.

1. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
   • maps, the oldest
   • maps; the oldest
   • maps the oldest
   • maps, and, the oldest

Question 16

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

The Hollins Street Bridge, designed by engineer Tomas ______ to traffic in 1932 and is still used by thousands of drivers every day.

1. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
   • Ilves, opened
   • Ilves; opened
   • Ilves opened
   • Ilves: opened

Question 17

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

Researchers studying the migration routes of the Arctic ______ found that some individual birds travel more than 70,000 kilometers in a single year.

1. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
   • tern, have
   • tern have
   • tern; have
   • tern: have

Question 18

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

The first edition of the dictionary contained about 40,000 ______ most recent edition contains more than 300,000.

1. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
   • entries, however, the
   • entries however the
   • entries, however the
   • entries; however, the

Question 19

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The collection of letters, which were written by sailors aboard a nineteenth-century whaling ship, ______ now available to readers online.

1. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
   • is
   • are
   • have been
   • were

Question 20

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

When the members of the city council reviewed the proposal for a new riverside park, ______ asked the designers to add more shaded seating and a second playground.

1. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
   • it
   • she
   • they
   • one

Question 21

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

In 1869, workers in Utah ______ the final spike connecting the eastern and western sections of the first transcontinental railroad in the United States.

1. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
   • drive
   • will drive
   • have driven
   • drove

Question 22

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

Many early photographs of busy city streets appear oddly empty of people. The explanation is technical: early cameras required exposures lasting several minutes. ______ anyone who walked through the scene moved too quickly to be recorded, and only people who stood still for a long time appeared in the image.

1. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
   • However,
   • For example,
   • As a result,
   • Similarly,

Question 23

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

Sea otters use rocks as tools, balancing them on their chests and striking shellfish against them to crack the shells open. ______ some otters appear to have favorite rocks, which they carry from place to place in a pouch of loose skin under their forelegs.

1. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
   • Moreover,
   • Nevertheless,
   • Instead,
   • Therefore,

Question 24

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

The violin maker spent months carving each instrument entirely by hand, shaping every curve of the wood himself. ______ his apprentice relied on machines to cut the basic shape of each violin's body and finished only the fine details by hand.

1. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
   • Likewise,
   • By contrast,
   • Consequently,
   • In other words,

Question 25

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• The Svalbard Global Seed Vault is located on a Norwegian island in the Arctic.

• It stores duplicate samples of seeds from gene banks around the world.

• It opened in 2008.

• Its cold location helps keep the seeds frozen even if the power fails.

The student wants to explain why the vault's location was chosen.

1. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
   • The vault is located on an Arctic island, where the cold helps keep its seeds frozen even if the power fails.
   • Opened in 2008, the vault stores duplicate seed samples from gene banks around the world.
   • The Svalbard Global Seed Vault, which opened in 2008, is located on a Norwegian island.
   • Gene banks around the world send duplicate samples of their seeds to a vault in Norway.

Question 26

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Ines Calder painted Harbor at Dawn in 1921.

• Harbor at Dawn uses soft blues and grays.

• Otto Brandvik painted Harbor at Noon in 1924.

• Harbor at Noon uses bright yellows and reds.

• Both paintings show the same harbor in the town of Saltby.

The student wants to emphasize a difference in how the two artists used color.

1. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
   • Harbor at Dawn and Harbor at Noon both show the same harbor in the town of Saltby.
   • Calder painted Harbor at Dawn in 1921, three years before Brandvik painted Harbor at Noon.
   • Calder used soft blues and grays in Harbor at Dawn, a painting of a harbor in Saltby.
   • While Calder's Harbor at Dawn uses soft blues and grays, Brandvik's Harbor at Noon uses bright yellows and reds.

Question 27

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• A team of researchers studied crows living in a city park.

• The researchers wore a particular mask while trapping and banding some of the crows.

• Months later, crows in the park scolded people wearing that mask, including crows that had never been trapped.

• The researchers concluded that crows can learn from other crows to recognize faces linked to danger.

The student wants to present the researchers' conclusion to an audience unfamiliar with the study.

1. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
   • Researchers wore a particular mask while trapping and banding some crows in a city park.
   • Crows that had never been trapped scolded people wearing a certain mask.
   • After studying crows in a city park, researchers concluded that crows can learn from other crows to recognize faces linked to danger.
   • In a city park, a team of researchers trapped and banded some of the crows.

Reading and Writing: Module 2 (32 phút)

Question 1

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

Historian Adaeze Okafor argues that the merchant guilds of medieval Brugmont were not the ______ institutions they are often portrayed as. Guild records show that members regularly rewrote their rules, admitted newcomers from other cities, and experimented with new forms of credit.

1. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
   • lucrative
   • clandestine
   • egalitarian
   • ossified

Question 2

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

The essayist's prose is notably ______: she rarely uses two words where one will do, her sentences seldom run longer than a single line, and she leaves out the explanations that other writers would add.

1. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
   • florid
   • meandering
   • erratic
   • laconic

Question 3

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

The new treatment does not cure the disease, and patients must continue to take it for the rest of their lives. Early trials suggest, however, that it may arrest the disease's progress, keeping symptoms from worsening for several years.

1. As used in the text, what does the word "arrest" most nearly mean?
   • halt
   • capture
   • attract
   • punish

Question 4

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

Although critics at first dismissed the composer's use of everyday street sounds in her symphonies as a mere gimmick, later listeners came to regard the practice as ______, noting that it anticipated techniques that became common in film and electronic music decades afterward.

1. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
   • derivative
   • frivolous
   • incoherent
   • prescient

Question 5

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

The following text is from a story. Marguerite has returned to her childhood home after many years away.

The house was smaller than she remembered. The ceilings, which had once seemed impossibly high, now hung just above her head, and the long hallway she used to race down as a child took only a few steps to cross. Yet when she opened the kitchen cupboard, the smell of cinnamon and old wood was exactly the same, and for a moment she was eight years old again.

1. Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?
   • It describes how a place seems changed to a character and then presents a detail that makes the place feel unchanged to her.
   • It describes a character's plans to renovate a house and then explains why she abandons those plans.
   • It contrasts one character's memories of a house with another character's memories of the same house.
   • It describes a house in physical detail and then explains how and when the house was built.

Question 6

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

Most maps of the ocean floor are surprisingly rough. The surfaces of Mars and the Moon have been mapped in fine detail by orbiting spacecraft, but only about a quarter of Earth's seafloor has been mapped at high resolution, because seawater blocks the radar signals that spacecraft use. Mapping the rest requires ships equipped with sonar to travel slowly back and forth across the ocean, a process that could take many years.

1. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
   • To argue that mapping the ocean floor should be considered more important than exploring Mars
   • To explain why less of Earth's seafloor has been mapped in detail than the surfaces of some other bodies in the solar system
   • To describe how orbiting spacecraft use radar to map the surface of Mars
   • To compare the accuracy of maps made with sonar with that of maps made with radar

Question 7

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

Text 1

Several companies that tested a four-day workweek reported that their total output stayed the same even though employees worked fewer hours. Economist Lena Hartley argues that these trials show that a shorter workweek raises productivity and that most businesses would benefit from adopting one.

Text 2

The companies that joined the four-day workweek trials chose to take part, and many already had flexible schedules and work that could be measured by results rather than by hours. Such companies may be unusually well suited to a shorter week, so their experience may say little about how a factory, hospital, or shop would fare.

1. Based on the texts, how would the author of Text 2 most likely respond to Hartley's conclusion in Text 1?
   • By suggesting that the conclusion may not apply to businesses unlike those that chose to join the trials
   • By agreeing that productivity rose but questioning whether employees preferred the shorter week
   • By arguing that the trials lasted too long to produce reliable results
   • By claiming that output at the companies in the trials actually declined sharply

Question 8

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

For many years, astronomers assumed that most of the water on Earth had been delivered by comets. However, when spacecraft measured the ratio of deuterium, a heavy form of hydrogen, to ordinary hydrogen in the water of several comets, many of the ratios turned out to be considerably higher than the ratio in Earth's oceans. Water in some asteroids, by contrast, has a ratio much closer to Earth's. These findings have led many researchers to consider asteroids a more likely main source of Earth's water, although the question remains open.

1. Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
   • Measurements of hydrogen in comets and asteroids have led many researchers to doubt that comets were the main source of Earth's water.
   • Spacecraft have proved that all of Earth's water came from asteroids rather than from comets.
   • Comets contain much more water than asteroids do, so they remain the most likely source of Earth's oceans.
   • Astronomers have recently developed a new way to measure the amount of water in Earth's oceans.

Question 9

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

On a chain of small islands, lizards of a single species have noticeably longer legs on some islands than on others. Ecologist Tariq Benn hypothesizes that the difference evolved because of the islands' trees: on islands with large trees, he argues, longer legs help lizards run quickly along wide trunks and branches.

1. Which finding, if true, would most directly weaken Benn's hypothesis?
   • Lizards on islands with large trees spend more of their time on trunks and branches than on the ground.
   • On islands where large trees have been absent for centuries, the lizards have legs as long as those of lizards on islands with large trees.
   • In tests, lizards with longer legs ran faster on wide surfaces than lizards with shorter legs did.
   • Some of the islands with large trees are also home to more species of birds that hunt lizards.

Question 10

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

"The Station at Morning" is a poem by Celia Arrant. In the poem, the speaker expresses mixed feelings about leaving her hometown.

1. Which quotation from "The Station at Morning" most effectively illustrates the claim?
   • "The platform hums with strangers and their bags, / each ticket folded like a little map."
   • "At last the town grows small, and I am free; / no street of it will ever follow me."
   • "I count the rooftops as the train pulls out, / glad to be gone, and sorry to be glad."
   • "The conductor calls the stations one by one, / names I have only read about in books."

Question 11

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

Urban planner Lucia Moreno studied four cities that added protected bike lanes. She found that in every city, both the number of daily cyclists and the safety of cycling increased after the lanes were added, though the size of the safety improvement varied considerably. In City D, for instance, ______

1. Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the example?
   • the crash rate fell from 9.8 to 9.5 crashes per 10,000 trips, the largest decrease of any of the four cities.
   • the number of daily cyclists fell from 2,200 to 1,900 after the lanes were added.
   • the crash rate before the lanes were added was higher than in any of the other three cities.
   • the crash rate fell only slightly, from 9.8 to 9.5 crashes per 10,000 trips, while the number of daily cyclists rose from 1,900 to 2,200.

Question 12

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

A media researcher surveyed adults in a region in 2015 and again in 2025 about where they get their news. She argues that although digital sources grew, the decline of traditional sources was not uniform: one traditional source lost a much larger share of its audience than the other did.

1. Which choice best describes data from the graph that support the researcher's argument?
   • The percentage of adults using podcasts more than tripled, rising from 9% to 31%.
   • Television remained the most commonly used news source in both 2015 and 2025.
   • The percentage of adults using print newspapers fell by more than half, while the percentage using television fell by about one-fifth.
   • The percentage using news websites rose by 19 percentage points, more than any other source gained.

Question 13

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

Most species of fig tree can be pollinated by only one species of tiny wasp, and each wasp species can reproduce only inside the flowers of its partner fig. Fossils suggest that some of these partnerships have lasted for millions of years. Recently, however, genetic studies have revealed several cases in which two wasp species share a single fig species, or in which one wasp species pollinates more than one kind of fig. These findings suggest that ______

1. Which choice most logically completes the text?
   • fig trees no longer depend on wasps for pollination.
   • the relationship between figs and fig wasps is less strictly one-to-one than was once thought.
   • fossil evidence about figs and fig wasps is generally unreliable.
   • wasp species that pollinate more than one kind of fig reproduce more successfully than other wasps do.

Question 14

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

A linguist notes that a certain word does not appear in any written record of a language until about 1650. The same word, however, appears in several folk songs that folklorists believe were composed around 1550. The linguist argues that the folklorists' dating of the songs is not necessarily wrong, because ______

1. Which choice most logically completes the text?
   • written records from before 1650 often contain words that are no longer used today.
   • the word appears in more folk songs than it does in written records from after 1650.
   • songs may have been passed down orally for generations, with their wording updated as they were sung, before anyone wrote them down.
   • folklorists rarely study songs that were composed after 1650.

Question 15

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Marine biologist Keiko Tanabe's newest ______ examines how coral larvae use sound to locate suitable reefs, was published last spring.

1. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
   • study; which
   • study, which
   • study which
   • study: which

Question 16

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Until the early 1960s, most chemists believed that the noble gases could not form chemical compounds. In 1962, ______ Neil Bartlett produced a compound of xenon, overturning that belief.

1. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
   • however chemist
   • however; chemist
   • however: chemist
   • however, chemist

Question 17

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

The music festival will feature performers from three cities: Lagos, ______, Peru; and Hanoi, Vietnam.

1. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
   • Nigeria, Lima
   • Nigeria; Lima
   • Nigeria Lima
   • Nigeria: Lima

Question 18

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The results surprised the research ______ grown under blue light, which the team had expected to grow fastest, were the shortest plants in the study.

1. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
   • team, plants
   • team plants
   • team: plants
   • team, which plants

Question 19

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Each of the paintings in the gallery's new wing, along with several sketches loaned by private collectors, ______ been carefully cleaned and restored.

1. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
   • have
   • are
   • were
   • has

Question 20

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

Having studied the migration of monarch butterflies for more than a decade, ______

1. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
   • entomologist Lila Ferraro published a detailed map of the insects' winter routes.
   • a detailed map of the insects' winter routes was published by entomologist Lila Ferraro.
   • the insects' winter routes were mapped in detail by entomologist Lila Ferraro.
   • the publication of a detailed map of the insects' winter routes was by entomologist Lila Ferraro.

Question 21

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Researchers monitored water quality in three neighboring lakes for ten years. Over that decade, all three ______ levels declined sharply during the summer months.

1. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
   • lake's oxygen
   • lakes' oxygen
   • lakes oxygen
   • lakes's oxygen

Question 22

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When the city's first subway line opened in 1904, it was an immediate success, carrying more than 100,000 passengers on its first day. ______ planners had underestimated demand so badly that within a year, trains were running at more than twice their intended capacity during rush hours.

1. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
   • Nevertheless,
   • Alternatively,
   • Indeed,
   • Meanwhile,

Question 23

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

Many people assume that the pyramids of ancient Egypt were built by enslaved workers. Excavations of workers' villages near Giza, ______ suggest that many of the builders were paid laborers who received rations of bread and beer as well as medical care.

1. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
   • however,
   • for instance,
   • therefore,
   • in addition,

Question 24

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

Some songbirds, such as zebra finches, learn their songs by listening to adult birds during a brief period early in life and sing essentially the same song from then on. Canaries, ______ can add new songs to their repertoire during each breeding season throughout their lives.

1. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
   • by contrast,
   • similarly,
   • as a result,
   • for example,

Question 25

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• The Antikythera mechanism is an ancient Greek device that was used to predict the positions of the Sun, Moon, and planets.

• It was found in 1901 in a shipwreck off the Greek island of Antikythera.

• It is believed to date to the second or first century BCE.

• It contains at least 30 interlocking bronze gears.

The student wants to emphasize the age of the mechanism and where it was found.

1. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
   • The Antikythera mechanism, which contains at least 30 bronze gears, was used to predict the positions of the Sun, Moon, and planets.
   • Found in 1901, the Antikythera mechanism is an ancient Greek device.
   • Dating to the second or first century BCE, the Antikythera mechanism was found in a shipwreck off the Greek island of Antikythera.
   • The Antikythera mechanism contains at least 30 interlocking bronze gears and was found in 1901.

Question 26

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Psychologist Dana Whitlow studied whether taking notes by hand improves students' memory of a lecture.

• She divided 120 students into two equal groups.

• One group took notes by hand while watching a lecture; the other typed notes on laptops.

• A week later, both groups took the same test on the lecture.

• The handwriting group scored higher on questions about concepts.

The student wants to describe the method of Whitlow's study.

1. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
   • Whitlow found that students who took notes by hand scored higher on questions about concepts.
   • Whitlow had 120 students take notes on a lecture, half by hand and half on laptops, and tested both groups on the lecture a week later.
   • Whitlow studied whether taking notes by hand improves students' memory of a lecture.
   • In Whitlow's study, students who typed notes on laptops scored lower than students who wrote by hand.

Question 27

Read the text and answer the question. Choose the best answer.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Stepwells are structures in India in which flights of steps lead down to a source of water.

• Most were built between the seventh and nineteenth centuries.

• They stored water through long dry seasons.

• The Chand Baori stepwell in Rajasthan has about 3,500 steps.

• The Rani ki Vav stepwell in Gujarat is decorated with hundreds of sculptures.

The student wants to make a generalization about stepwells.

1. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
   • The Chand Baori stepwell in Rajasthan has about 3,500 steps.
   • The Rani ki Vav stepwell in Gujarat is decorated with hundreds of sculptures.
   • Built mostly between the seventh and nineteenth centuries, stepwells are Indian structures in which steps lead down to water stored through dry seasons.
   • Both the Chand Baori and the Rani ki Vav are stepwells located in India.

Math: Module 1 (35 phút)

Question 1

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. If 3x + 7 = 22, what is the value of x?
   • 3
   • 5
   • 7
   • 15

Question 2

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. A jacket that regularly costs $80 is on sale for 25% off the regular price. What is the sale price of the jacket?
   • $20
   • $55
   • $60
   • $65

Question 3

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. The function f is defined by f(x) = 4x - 3. What is the value of f(3)?
   • 1
   • 7
   • 9
   • 12

Question 4

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. In a triangle, two of the angles measure 47° and 68°. What is the measure of the third angle?
   • 55°
   • 65°
   • 75°
   • 115°

Question 5

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. Which expression is equivalent to (x + 4)(x - 2)?
   • x^2 - 2x - 8
   • x^2 + 6x - 8
   • x^2 + 2x - 8
   • x^2 + 2x + 8

Question 6

Solve the problem and enter your answer. If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one. Enter a fraction as a/b or a decimal with a point; do not enter units, commas or percent signs unless shown.

1. A taxi company charges a fee of $3 plus $2 for each mile driven. If a ride costs $19 in total, how many miles long was the ride?

Question 7

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. A line in the xy-plane passes through the points (0, 2) and (3, 8). What is the slope of the line?
   • 1/2
   • 2
   • 3
   • 6

Question 8

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. What is the mean of the data set 4, 7, 7, 9, 13?
   • 7
   • 8
   • 9
   • 10

Question 9

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. Which of the following is a solution to the equation x^2 - 5x + 6 = 0?
   • -3
   • -2
   • 1
   • 3

Question 10

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. x + y = 10 x - y = 4 What is the value of x in the solution to the system of equations above?
   • 3
   • 6
   • 7
   • 14

Question 11

Solve the problem and enter your answer. If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one. Enter a fraction as a/b or a decimal with a point; do not enter units, commas or percent signs unless shown.

1. A rectangle has an area of 48 square centimeters and a length of 8 centimeters. What is the perimeter of the rectangle, in centimeters?

Question 12

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. A colony of bacteria starts with 500 bacteria, and the number of bacteria doubles every 3 hours. Which function gives the number of bacteria, P(t), t hours after the start?
   • P(t) = 500(3)^(t/2)
   • P(t) = 500(2)^(3t)
   • P(t) = 2(500)^(t/3)
   • P(t) = 500(2)^(t/3)

Question 13

Solve the problem and enter your answer. If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one. Enter a fraction as a/b or a decimal with a point; do not enter units, commas or percent signs unless shown.

1. A recipe uses 3 cups of flour for every 2 cups of milk. How many cups of flour are needed for 10 cups of milk?

Question 14

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. Which of the following values of x satisfies the inequality 2x - 5 > 9?
   • 5
   • 6
   • 7
   • 8

Question 15

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. If x^2 = 49 and x < 0, what is the value of x^3?
   • -343
   • -49
   • 49
   • 343

Question 16

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. The equation C = 15h + 40 gives the total cost C, in dollars, of renting a kayak for h hours. What is the best interpretation of 15 in this context?
   • The fixed fee for renting a kayak
   • The cost per hour of renting a kayak
   • The total cost of renting a kayak for 1 hour
   • The number of hours a kayak is rented

Question 17

Solve the problem and enter your answer. If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one. Enter a fraction as a/b or a decimal with a point; do not enter units, commas or percent signs unless shown.

1. The function g is defined by g(x) = 2x^2 - 3. What is the value of g(-2)?

Question 18

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. A bag contains 5 red marbles, 3 blue marbles, and 2 green marbles. If one marble is selected at random, what is the probability that it is blue?
   • 1/5
   • 3/10
   • 1/3
   • 3/7

Question 19

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. A circle in the xy-plane has the equation (x - 2)^2 + (y + 1)^2 = 16. What are the center and the radius of the circle?
   • Center (2, -1), radius 4
   • Center (-2, 1), radius 4
   • Center (2, -1), radius 16
   • Center (-2, 1), radius 16

Question 20

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. Which expression is equivalent to (6x^3 + 9x^2)/(3x), where x is not 0?
   • 2x^3 + 3x^2
   • 3x^2 + 6x
   • 2x^2 + 3x
   • 2x^2 + 9x

Question 21

Solve the problem and enter your answer. If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one. Enter a fraction as a/b or a decimal with a point; do not enter units, commas or percent signs unless shown.

1. If 5(a - 2) = 3a + 4, what is the value of a?

Question 22

Solve the problem and enter your answer. If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one. Enter a fraction as a/b or a decimal with a point; do not enter units, commas or percent signs unless shown.

1. The function f is defined by f(x) = x^2 - 8x + c, where c is a constant. If the minimum value of f(x) is 5, what is the value of c?

Math: Module 2 (35 phút)

Question 1

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. A line in the xy-plane passes through the points (-2, 5) and (4, -7). Which equation defines the line?
   • y = 2x + 9
   • y = -(1/2)x + 4
   • y = -2x - 1
   • y = -2x + 1

Question 2

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. The price of a bicycle was increased by 20%. Later, the new price was decreased by 20%. How does the final price compare with the original price?
   • It is 2% less than the original price.
   • It is 4% less than the original price.
   • It is equal to the original price.
   • It is 4% greater than the original price.

Question 3

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. If (2x + 3)(x - k) = 2x^2 - 5x - 12 for all values of x, where k is a constant, what is the value of k?
   • 2
   • 3
   • 4
   • 6

Question 4

Solve the problem and enter your answer. If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one. Enter a fraction as a/b or a decimal with a point; do not enter units, commas or percent signs unless shown.

1. 3x + 2y = 16 x - y = -3 If (x, y) is the solution to the system of equations above, what is the value of x + y?

Question 5

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. A right triangle has legs of lengths 9 and 12. What is the sine of the smaller acute angle of the triangle?
   • 3/5
   • 3/4
   • 4/5
   • 4/3

Question 6

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. The value V, in dollars, of a car t years after it was purchased is modeled by V(t) = 24,000(0.85)^t. Which statement is the best interpretation of the model?
   • The car's value decreases by $3,600 each year.
   • The car's value decreases by 85% each year.
   • The car's value decreases by 15% each year.
   • The car's value increases by 15% each year.

Question 7

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. 4x - 6y = 10 kx - 9y = 7 In the system of equations above, k is a constant. For what value of k does the system have no solution?
   • 2
   • 4
   • 6
   • 9

Question 8

Solve the problem and enter your answer. If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one. Enter a fraction as a/b or a decimal with a point; do not enter units, commas or percent signs unless shown.

1. The mean of 5 numbers is 12. When a sixth number is added, the mean of the 6 numbers is 13. What is the sixth number?

Question 9

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. The height h, in feet, of a ball t seconds after it is thrown upward is given by h(t) = -16t^2 + 64t + 80. What is the maximum height of the ball, in feet?
   • 80
   • 128
   • 144
   • 160

Question 10

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. A phone plan charges $25 per month plus $0.10 for each text message sent. Maya wants to spend at most $40 on the plan this month. Which inequality represents the possible numbers of text messages, t, that Maya can send this month?
   • 25 + 0.10t ≤ 40
   • 25 + 0.10t ≥ 40
   • 0.10 + 25t ≤ 40
   • 25t + 0.10 ≥ 40

Question 11

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. A circle in the xy-plane has the equation x^2 + y^2 - 6x + 8y = 11. What is the radius of the circle?
   • sqrt(11)
   • 6
   • 11
   • 36

Question 12

Solve the problem and enter your answer. If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one. Enter a fraction as a/b or a decimal with a point; do not enter units, commas or percent signs unless shown.

1. The function f is defined by f(x) = (x - 3)^2 - 4. What is the sum of the x-coordinates of the x-intercepts of the graph of y = f(x)?

Question 13

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. The table shows the results of a survey of 200 students in grades 10 and 11 about whether they play a musical instrument. If a student who plays an instrument is selected at random, what is the probability that the student is in grade 11?
   • 11/50
   • 11/25
   • 11/20
   • 11/14

Question 14

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. If (2/3)x - 1/4 = 5/12, what is the value of x?
   • 1/2
   • 1
   • 3/2
   • 2

Question 15

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. If 3^(2x + 1) = 27^(x - 1), what is the value of x?
   • -4
   • -2
   • 2
   • 4

Question 16

Solve the problem and enter your answer. If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one. Enter a fraction as a/b or a decimal with a point; do not enter units, commas or percent signs unless shown.

1. A right circular cylinder has a radius of 3 centimeters and a height of 10 centimeters. The volume of the cylinder is k(pi) cubic centimeters. What is the value of k?

Question 17

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. What is the solution set of the equation sqrt(x + 7) = x - 5?
   • {2}
   • {9}
   • {2, 9}
   • {-9, -2}

Question 18

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. Tank A contains 500 liters of water and is being drained at a rate of 12 liters per minute. Tank B contains 140 liters of water and is being filled at a rate of 18 liters per minute. After how many minutes will the two tanks contain the same amount of water?
   • 10
   • 12
   • 15
   • 18

Question 19

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. A random sample of 400 residents of a city was surveyed, and 62% of those surveyed said they support building a new library. The margin of error for the estimate is 4 percentage points. Which conclusion is most appropriate?
   • Exactly 62% of all residents of the city support building a new library.
   • At least 66% of all residents of the city support building a new library.
   • Between 58% and 66% of residents of nearby cities support building a new library.
   • It is plausible that between 58% and 66% of all residents of the city support building a new library.

Question 20

Solve the problem and choose the best answer. A calculator is allowed.

1. Triangle ABC is similar to triangle DEF, where side AB corresponds to side DE. The length of AB is 6, the length of DE is 15, and the area of triangle ABC is 20. What is the area of triangle DEF?
   • 50
   • 75
   • 100
   • 125

Question 21

Solve the problem and enter your answer. If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one. Enter a fraction as a/b or a decimal with a point; do not enter units, commas or percent signs unless shown.

1. The function f is defined by f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c, where a, b, and c are constants. If f(0) = 4, f(1) = 3, and f(2) = 6, what is the value of f(3)?

Question 22

Solve the problem and enter your answer. If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one. Enter a fraction as a/b or a decimal with a point; do not enter units, commas or percent signs unless shown.

1. In the equation 4(x - c) + 3x = 7x - 20, c is a constant. If the equation has infinitely many solutions, what is the value of c?